The prohibition of burning may considerably increase the production of steam and electricity from sugar cane biomass because harvest burning removes about 80% of the trash mass, including tops and green and dry leaves. Thus, a great deal of attention has been devoted to mechanized harvest methods, which do not involve sugar cane burning. Proceedings of the ISPRS TC VII Symposium - 100 Years ISPRS, Vienna, Austria, 2010. The State of São Paulo is the main producer of sugar cane in Brazil and its State Legislative has passed an agro-environmental protocol requiring the total termination of field burning by 2017. With approximately 350 million tonnes (51 wt.%) harvested in 2014, 2 2 For this reason, strongly restrictive laws have been passed in different countries to reduce or eliminate field burning, such as in Brazil for example, which is the world's main sugar cane producer. Although the burning process facilitates and speeds up harvest operations in comparison with the cutting of unburned cane, it is also a source of many environmental problems, such as the increase in the atmospheric pollution levels, the reduced range of view near highways and airports due to the smoke curtain formed, and even the burning of residences. Sugar cane field burning has been widely practiced in many parts of the world during sugar cane harvest. Sugar cane is an important agricultural crop cultivated in tropical countries, with an annual world production of approximately 1.9 billion tonnes. Sugar cane straw ash pozzolan pozzolanic activity leaching acid pretreatment The effect of the hot water washing treatment was relatively small in relation to the acid leaching, but the hot washed ash was significantly more pozzolanic than non-treated ash. However, both straw pretreatments induced a significant increase in pozzolanic activity, mainly associated with the removal of impurities, especially CaO, SO 3, K 2O, and carbon compounds. The results revealed that ashes with a high content of amorphous silica were produced, in spite of the straw pretreatments. The pozzolanic activity of the ashes was evaluated from the modified Chapelle and electrical conductivity methods. Detailed measurements of X-ray diffraction, oxide percentages, loss on ignition, and BET specific surface area were performed to compare hot water washed, acid leached, and non-pretreated ashes, after controlled processes of burning and grinding. Proximate analysis by thermogravimetry was carried out to cover volatile matter, fixed carbon, and ash content of the different straws. Two procedures were used to accelerate the hydrolysis of celluloses and hemicelluloses and remove metallic impurities present in significant levels in sugar cane straw: hot water washing and acid leaching. This work systematically describes a laboratory study on different pretreatments of sugar cane straw to produce pozzolanic ash.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |